FT MEADE 
GenCol1 


Citizenship Manual 
for Cleveland, Ohio 


SIXTH CITY 



How to Become a Citizen 
What Our Government Is 
Rights and Duties 


r 


THIS BOOK BELONGS TO 


Name- 


Address _ 

_ 


Keep this Manual, it will always be useful to you. 














“AMERICA” 



America is a Republic 

of the People, 
for the People 


and 

by the People. 



THE CITY OF CLEVELAND 

extends a cordial welcome to all Immigrants who 
make Cleveland their home, and desire to become 
GOOD AMERICAN CITIZENS. 


T 


NOTE:—This text is especially prepared for use in CITIZENSHIP CLASSES. The 
pages of this Manual may be used as a loose-leaf note-book. Remove the wire stitches 
from the book, insert text in cover, fill in with paper of Banner Note Book No. 12956 
(10c a package) and fasten with Dennison’s paper fasteners No. 23. 


CITIZENSHIP MANUAL 
for CLEVELAND, OHIO. 

Sixth City 


Prepared by a Committee 
-of the- 


Cleveland Immigration League, 
American Club and 
The City Immigration Bureau 
of Cleveland. 



Copyright, 1914, by 
R. E. COLE, 

Secretary of the Cleveland Immigration League. 



BRIEF FACTS ABOUT NATURALIZATION IN CLEVELAND. 


BECOME A CITIZEN, PROUD OF AMERICA, which gives you 
liberty, equality and justice. 

HOW?—By securing first and second papers. 

WHEN?—First papers any time, second papers after five years’ resi¬ 
dence in this country. 

WHERE?—Federal Clerk’s Office of the United States District Court, 
Room 326, Post Office Building; or County Clerk’s Office, Second floor, 
New Court House. 

FIRST PAPER, DECLARATION OF INTENTION.—Can be taken 
out at any time after your arrival. 

GO before a Clerk of Naturalization Court. Fill out a blank form, name, 
address, etc. Answer all the questions on the blank. Swear that your 
statements are true. Fee $1.00. 

SECOND PAPER, PETITION OF NATURALIZATION.—Can be 
taken out not less than two years nor more than seven years after taking 
out your first paper. Fee $4.00. 

Go before the Clerk of a Naturalization Court. Bring two citizen 
witnesses, who must swear that they have known you for five years in this 
country and one year in this state. 

For any information about Naturalization papers, examinations, etc., go 
to the Clerks of the Naturalization Courts or CITY IMMIGRATION 
BUREAU, CITY HALL. 


CITIZENSHIP CLASSES OF THE FREE PUBLIC NIGHT SCHOOLS. 

JOIN a Naturalization Class, and BECOME an American Citizen. 

To be naturalized, you must understand our Government and pass an 
examination in Court before a Judge. 

The City of Cleveland, through its FREE PUBLIC NIGHT 
SCHOOLS, prepares you FREE OF CHARGE for Citizenship. 

These schools will assist you to secure your Papers and prepare you 
for the examination. 

City, State and National Government are explained. 

Trips are made to Public places of interest. 

NOW IS THE TIME FOR YOU TO JOIN. 

Location of Class nearest to your home furnished by the CITY IMMI¬ 
GRATION BUREAU. 

2 o, tF e. 

NOV 2 1914 



THE city immigration bureau. 

a\^ v V “To serve the Immigrant.” 


The City of Cleveland maintains this Bureau for the benefit of all 
Immigrants coming from foreign countries. It assists those who intend to 
settle here and desire to become good American citizens. 


It gives you information and advice ENTIRELY FREE with reference 
to citizenship papers, employment and other important matters. The activi¬ 
ties of the City Immigration Bureau are many and varied: 


(1) DEPOT WORK.—It receives the Immigrant at the depots and assists 
him to his destination. 

(2) EMPLOYMENT.—It helps the Immigrant find work on arrival and 
thereafter working through all reliable employment agencies, especially 
State-City Free Labor Exchange, City Hall. 

(3) EDUCATION.—It promotes the teaching of English and of citizenship 
in co-operation with the Board of Education. 

(4) CITIZENSHIP.—It increases the opportunities for citizenship in 
co-operation with the Clerks of Naturalization. 

(5) INFORMATION AND COMPLAINTS.—It inforrrts the Immigrant of 
our Institutions, gives him advice and investigates complaints. 

(6) PUBLICITY AND PUBLICATIONS.—It informs the people of Cleve¬ 
land of the activities of the Bureau and publishes certain pamphlets for 
the guidance of the Immigrant. 



All Immigrants are Cordially Invited to Visit the 
CITY IMMIGRATION BUREAU, 

City Hall, 

whenever they are in any difficulty, in need of any advice, information 

or assistance. 


YOU ARE WELCOME. 


AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP. 


Naturalization —This is the method required by the laws of our National 
Government for a citizen of another country to become a citizen of the 
United States. 

Naturalization Papers are issued by any court of record, such as our 
United States District or County Common Pleas Courts. 

Advantages of American Citizenship. 

The advantages of being a citizen of our country are many. The impor¬ 
tant ones are: 

FIRST.—You become a citizen of one of the greatest countries of the 
world. 

SECOND.—You have the right to vote and help make the laws which 
govern our nation. 

THIRD.—You have the privilege of holding public offices, except that of 
President of the United States. 

FOURTH.—You can secure certain employment which requires citizenship, 
such as fireman and policeman. 

FIFTH.—You have protection for yourself, family and property in Amer¬ 
ican and in foreign countries. 

Responsibilities of Every American Citizen. 

The advantages of citizenship carry with it certain duties. 

It is your duty when you become a citizen of the United States 

(1) To obey and respect the laws of our country. 

(2) To take an interest in American Government. 

(3) To vote intelligently and for the welfare of all the people. 

(4) To fight in our army and navy in time of war. 

(5) To serve on a jury in our courts when called upon. 


QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. 

1. What is Naturalization?. 


2. Which Courts issue Naturalization papers? 


3 What are the advantages of American citizenship? 


4. What are the responsibilities of every American citizen? 


5. What is a jury?. 

6. What does the right to vote mean? 


7. How can a citizen vote intelligently? 


4 

















HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 


QUALIFICATIONS.—Our country requires you to fulfill certain con¬ 
ditions before you can be admitted to American Citizenship. 

The important requirements are: 

FIRST.—You must be over 18 years of age and speak the English language. 
SECOND.—You must prove five years’ continuous residence in the United 
States and one year in the State. 

THIRD.—You must have two witnesses, citizens of the United States who 
have known you for the past five years in this country and are willing 
to appear in your Naturalization proceedings. 

FOURTH.—You must believe in the Constitution of the United States and 
must have a sufficient knowledge of our Government to pass an exam¬ 
ination before a judge. 

FIFTH.—You must renounce all allegiance to your native country and you 
must take an oath of allegiance to your adopted country. 

REFUSAL OF NATURALIZATION.—You cannot become a citizen 
of the United States: 

(1) If you are a polygamist; namely, one who believes in having more 
than one wife at the same time. 

(2) If you are an anarchist; namely, one who is opposed to organized 
government. 

(3) If you are of bad moral character. 

(4) If you are not informed about the laws and institutions of the 
United States. 

(5) If you do not speak the English language. 

CITIZENSHIP PAPERS.—Three citizenship papers are necessary in 
order to be naturalized. 

First paper—DECLARATION OF INTENTION. 

Second paper—PETITION FOR NATURALIZATION. 

Final paper—CERTIFICATE OF NATURALIZATION. 


QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. 


1 What are the important requirements for Naturalization? 


2. What is polygamy? 


3. What is anarchy? 


4. How many papers are necessary for naturalization? 


5 What is the First Paper called?..' 


6. What is the name of the Second Paper? 


5 
















FIRST PAPER—DECLARATION OF INTENTION. 

What the First Paper Is. 

The first paper is called “The Declaration of Intention” because it 
means that the applicant is desirous of becoming- a citizen and therefore 
declares his intention to do so. 

First paper can be secured at any time after arrival in the United States, 
by an alien 18 years of age or over. 

No witnesses are needed to the first paper. 

A knowledge of the English language is not necessary. 

The cost of the first paper is ONE DOLLAR. 

According to the law, a first paper taken out since Sept. 27, 1906, is void 
after seven years from the date it was issued. 

First papers taken out prior to Sept. 27, 1906, are still valid, and can be 
used to secure final paper. 


Sample of the Official Application for First Paper. 


Form 2213 

FACTS FOR DECLARATION OF INTENTION. 


U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. 
Naturalization Service. 


NOTE.—A copy of this form will be furnished by the clerk of the court 
to each applicant for a declaration of intention. After being filled out the 
form is to be returned to the clerk, to be used by him in properly filling out 
the declaration. If the applicant landed on or after June 29, 1906, his declara¬ 
tion should not be filed until the name of the vessel is definitely given (or 
the name of the railroad and border port in the United States through which 
the alien entered), as well as the date of arrival. 

TO THE APPLICANT.—The fee of one dollar must be paid to the clerk 
of the court before he commences to fill out the declaration of intention. No 
fee is chargeable for this blank. 


Name:. Age:.*.years. 

(Do not abbreviate any part of name by initial or otherwise.) 

(Give age at last birthday.) 

Occupation .... 

Color:. Complexion:. 

Height:.feet.inches. Weight:.pounds. 

Color of hair:. Color of eyes:.. 

Other visible distinctive marks:. 


(If no visible distinctive marks so state.) 

Where born:..... 

(City or town.) (Country.) 

Date of birth:..., ... 

(Month.) • (Day.) (Year.) 

Present residence:.. . 

(Number and street.) (City or town.) (State, Ter., or Dist.) 

Emigrated from:.. . 

(Port of embarkation.) (Country.) 

Name of vessel:. 


(If the applicant arrived otherwise than by vessel, the 
character of conveyance or name of transportation com¬ 
pany should be given.) 

Last place of foreign residence:.. . 

(City or town.) (Country.) 

I am now a subject of and intend to renounce allegiance to* (See note.) 


(Name.) 

Date of arrival in United States: 
Port of arrival:.. 


(Month.) 


(Title.) 

(Day.) 


(Year.) 


(City or town.) (State or Territory.) 

*Note.—If applicant is a citizen of a foreign Republic he should fill in 
the following line in lieu of the above, writing the name of the Republic 
only. 

I am now a citizen of and intend to renounce allegiance to the Republic of 


6 

































CERTIFICATE OF ARRIVAL. 


All aliens who have come to the United States AFTER JUNE 29th, 
1906, must secure a “Certificate of Arrival” from the Division of Naturaliza¬ 
tion, before applying for the Second paper. 

This certificate may be had Free of Charge by mailing a “Request” 
application to "The Chief of the Division of Naturalization, Department of 
Labor, Washington, D. C.,” with the FIRST CITIZENSHIP PAPER. 
Request blanks are furnished free by the Clerks of Naturalization. If the 
alien landed BEFORE JUNE 29, 1906, no “Certificate of Arrival” is needed 
for filing “Petition for Naturalization.” 

Sample of a Request for Certificate of Arrival. 


REQUEST FOR CERTIFICATE OF ARRIVAL. 
For Use of Aliens Arriving After June 29. 1906. 


U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. 

Naturalization Service. 

Notice to the Clerk of the Court: 

This form is to be used only where an alien arrived in this country after 
June 29, 1906. 

When an alien desires to petition for naturalization, this form should be 
given to him before he is permitted to file his petition, and the execution of 
the petition for naturalization should not be commenced until the certificate 
of arrival is received by the clerk of the court. The alien should be directed 
to complete the letter below and carefully fill in all the blanks in this form, 
as the information is necessary to obtain the certificate of arrival, and will 
aid the clerk of the court in filing the petition for naturalization. The alien 
should then mail this form to the Commissioner of Naturalization, Depart¬ 
ment of Labor, Washington, D. C. 

That official will at once take steps to obtain and forward to the clerk 
of court the certificate of arrival required by section 4 of the act of June 29. 
1906, to be attached to and made a part of the petition at the time of its 
filing. The statement of facts will also be forwarded to the clerk of the 
court. Notice will also be given to the alien that the certificate has been 
sent to the clerk of the court named by him. 


Commissioner of Naturalization, 

U. S. Department of Labor. . 

Washington, D. C. 

Sir: I came to this country after June 29, 1906. Please obtain a certifi¬ 
cate showing my arrival in the United States and forward it to the Clerk of 

the . 

(Give on these two lines title of court, and city or town, and county and 


State where court is located in which the petition will be filed.) 

for filing as the law requires, with the petition for naturalization which I 
intend to file in that court. 

In the accompanying statement I have given the date I landed and the 
place of my arrival and shown the facts which will go in my petition for 
naturalization when it is filed. 

Respectfully, 


(Sign name in full.) 


(Give address here.) 

NOTE TO THE APPLICANT FOR NATURALIZATION: Please send your 
declaration of intention to the Bureau of Naturalisation, zvith this application. It zvill 
be filed zvith the clerk of the court for you at the time the certificate of your arrival 
is sent to him. 


7 












SECOND PAPER-PETITION FOR NATURALIZATION. 
What the Second Paper Is. 


The second paper is called “The Petition for Naturalization” because it 
means that the applicant is asking the court to make him a citizen. 

Every alien must have resided in the; United States at least five years, 
and the last year in the State in which he files his petition. 

The first paper must have been taken out at least two years prior to 
the filing of the second paper. 

The applicant must appear before a naturalization clerk with two wit¬ 
nesses, who are citizens of the United States. 

If the witnesses are naturalized citizens, they should bring their “Cer¬ 
tificate of Naturalization.” 

The witnesses must state: (a) when and where they first met the 
applicant, (b) they must testify by oath, that they have known the applicant 
for five years, (c) that he is of good moral character and in every respect 
qualified to become a citizen of the United States. 

The cost of the second paper is FOUR DOLLARS. 


PRELIMINARY HEARING OR FIRST EXAMINATION. 

Within ninety days after the filing of the petition, the applicant will be 
called to appear before the Examiner of the Federal Government, with his 
two witnesses. 

He must prove to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is acquainted 
with the “Constitution of the United States,” and that he will be capable 
to exercise the duties of a citizen, if admitted. 


FINAL HEARING OR EXAMINATION IN COURT. 

The final hearing is the last step. 

The applicant will be called upon to appear in open court with his two 
witnesses. If he is accepted he takes the “Solemn Oath of Allegiance” to 
the United States and he will be given the 


FINAL PAPER—CERTIFICATE OF NATURALIZATION, 

which will make him, his wife and his children under 21 years of age citizens 
of the United States. 

Then he will be able to vote and to exercise all the rights and privileges 
which are given to those born in this country. 


8 


SAMPLE OF THE OFFICIAL APPLICATION FOR SECOND 

PAPER. 


Form 2214. 

For Use of Aliens Who Arrived Before June 29, 1906. 
FACTS FOR PETITION FOR NATURALIZATION. 


Department of Commerce and Labor. 
Naturalization Service. 
Washington. 


NOTE TO CLERK OF COURT.—On and after June 29, 1911. clerks of 
courts should refuse to execute petitions for aliens who have arrived in 
the United States after June 29, 1906, until the certificate of arrival is fur¬ 
nished the clerk after request of the alien on Form 2226. 

NOTE.—A copy of this form (Form 2214) should be furnished by the 
clerk of the court to each applicant for a petition for naturalization who 
arrived in this country on or before June 29, 1906, so that he can at his 
leisure fill in the answers to the questions. After being filled out the form is 
to be returned to the clerk, to be used by him in properly filling out the 
petition. Witnesses must be citizens of the United States. If any witness 
is a naturalized citizen he must bring his certificate of citizenship to the 
court when the petition is filed. 

TO THE APPLICANT.—The fee of four dollars must be paid to the 
clerk of the court before he commences to fill out the petition for naturaliza¬ 
tion. No fee is chargeable for this blank. 


(Give here name used in Declaration of Intention and do not abbreviate any 


part of name by initial or otherwise.) 

1. My place of residence is:.;. 

(Number and name of street.) (City or Town.) 


(State, Territory, or District.) 

2. My occupation is:. 

3. I was born on the.day of.18.at 

.. . and my 

(City or town.) (Country.) 

last foreign residence was. 

(City or town.) (Country.) 

4. I emigrated to the United States from...«... 

(Port of embarkation.) 

.. on or about the.day of 

(Country.) 

. 1.. and arrived at the port of 

.. on the 

(Port of’arrival.) (State.) 

....day of. 1. 

on the vessel.. • • --v- 

(If the alien arrived otherwise than by vessel, the char¬ 


acter of conveyance or name of transportation company should be given.) 

5. I declared my intention to become a citizen of the United States on the 
.day of.. 1. at 


.... in the... 

(Location of court.) 

Court of. 

6. I am.married. My name 

husband’s wife’s was 


9 








































^CONTINUED) 


(Petitioner, if a widower, should give the name of his wife when living, 
and state place of her birth; if not married, he.should enter “not” in 
first sentence. In both cases surplus words should be struck through.) 

He She 

was born in.. .;. an< ^ 

(City or town.) (Country.) 


is now deceased, 
now resides at 


"(City or town.) (Country.) 

I have.child.. whose name.. .date.. .and place...of 

birth, and place...of residence are as follows: 

. born.day of. 1...., at .; resides at. 

. born.day of.. 1.at *.; resides at. 

7. I am not a disbeliever in or opposed to organized government or a mem¬ 
ber of or affiliated with any organization or body of persons teaching 
disbelief in organized government. I am not a polygamist nor a believer 
in the practice of polygamy. I am attached to the principles of the Con¬ 
stitution of the United States, and it is my intention to become a citizen 
of the United States and to renounce absolutely and forever all allegiance 
and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, and 


8 . 

9. 


particularly to 


(Name.) 


(Title and country.) 


of whom at this time I am a subject, an ^ is my intention to reside 
permanently in the United States. 

I am.able to speak the English language. 


I have resided continuously in the United States since the. 

State 

dav of. 1. and in the Territory 

District 


since the 


day of 


. 1 


10. I have.heretofore made petition for United States citizenship. 

If petitioner has heretofore made application for citizenship, the facR 
required should be fully stated in the following blanks: 

I petitioned for citizenship to the.Court at 

.. on the. 

(City or town.) (State, Territory, or District.) 


day of., 1.which was denied for the following reasons: 


The cause of such denial has since been cured or removed. 

Give names, occupations, and residence addresses of two witnesses, 
citizens of the United States, who have known you for at least five years, 
last past, as a resident of the State in which petition is made, who will 
make affidavit that you are a person of good moral character, that you are 
qualified in every way to be admitted a citizen of the United States, and who 
will be present at hearing. If you have been a resident of the State wherein 
you apply for citizenship for over one year, and elsewhere in the United 
States sufficiently long to complete a continuous residence therein of five 
years, you may establish your entire residence within the State by two wit¬ 
nesses, citizens of the United States, and your residence elsewhere in the 
United States by depositions of two witnesses, as provided in Section 10 of 
the Naturalization Act of June 29, 1906. The witnesses named by you to 
establish your residence within the State must appear with you on the day 
you petition to the clerk of court and be sworn as witnesses at that time. 

(Name.) (Occupation.) (Residence Address.) 

... ... ... ... 

(Name.) (Occupation.) (Residence Address.) 

I herewith present my Declaration of Intention to become a Citizen of 
the United States. 


10 









































FACTS ABOUT NATURALIZATION. 


Oath of Allegiance. 


The “Oath of Allegiance” is a sworn statement made in open court 
that the applicant will be loyal to the “Constitution of the United States.” 

This oath is as follows: 

“I hereby declare on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and 
abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or 
sovereignty and particularly to (name of sovereign of country) of whom I 
have heretofore been a subject; that I will support and defend the Consti¬ 
tution and Laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign 
and domestic, and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same.” 


Facts About Witnesses. 

If the original witnesses cannot appear at the examinations on account 
death, sickness or absence out of the jurisdiction of the court, new wit¬ 
nesses may be secured. Substitute witnesses cannot be used, if original 
witnesses are only temporarily absent. 

If an alien has not lived a sufficient time in the State, in which he files 
his petition, to secure witnesses of that State who have known him for five 
years, he may appear with two witnesses who have known him since he 
entered the State, but must secure, through the clerk, “Depositions” (writ¬ 
ten statements) from other two witnesses, living in other States, who have 
known him in those States. The statements of all the witnesses together 
must prove a continuous residence of five years in the United States. 

Women, citizens of United States, may act as witnesses. 


General Facts About Naturalization. 

If an alien, who has taken out his first paper, dies before he becomes 
naturalized, his widow and his children undefi 21 years of age may use the 
first paper to obtain the second and final papers, so that they may become 
citizens under the same proceedings as if he had lived. 

If an alien woman marries a citizen of the United States, she also 
becomes a citizen. 

If a woman, who is a citizen of the United States, marries an alien she 
loses her rights - of citizenship. 

Children born in the United States are citizens according to the Con¬ 
stitution of the United States, although their parents may at the time be 
aliens. 

An unmarried woman may become a citizen of United States through 
the same procedure as an alien male is required to follow. 


11 


FACTS ABOUT NATURALIZATION. 

(Continued) 

Naturalization of U. S. Soldiers. 

Any alien of the age of 21 years or over, who has served in the United 
States Army as a regular or a volunteer and has been honorably discharged, 
shall be admitted to citizenship without taking out his first paper. He must 
prove by two witnesses that he has been more than one year in the United 
States prior to the time of his application for citizenship paper. 


Naturalization of Seamen. 

Every alien seaman, who has declared his intention to become a citizen 
of the United States and has served continuously three years on board of 
a merchant vessel sailing under the American flag, may make application 
for citizenship without proving five years ’residence in the United States. 
He must produce his first paper, his “Certificate of Arrival,” Certificate of 
, Discharge (if arrived since June, 1906) and the testimony of two witnesses 
to be of good moral character. 

Change of Name. 

An alien has the privilege of changing his name, if he can give the 
court a good reason for so doing. The clerk of the court should be notified 
to that effect before the final hearing. 


Lost Papers. 

If an alien loses either his first or final citizenship paper, he can get 
another by making an application for the same to the clerk of the court 
which issued the lost paper. 


Passports. 

Every naturalized citizen should be provided with a “Passport” while 
traveling abroad. Application blank can be obtained by making request for 
the same to the Naturalization clerks or the Secretary of State at Wash¬ 
ington, D. C. The application blank is to be filled out and accompanied by 
the “Certificate of Naturalization” of the applicant and also by the signature 
of a witness. 


A Great Opportunity. 

Application for Citizenship Papers are generally made during the day. 
Many men are required to lose a day’s pay. 

To save you money (and make it convenient for you) special arrange¬ 
ments are made with the Clerks of Naturalization for issuing Naturalization 
Papers in the evening. 

Write the City Immigration Bureau, City Hall (Tel. Main 4600), that you 
desire Citizenship Papers and you will be informed when and where you 
can make application for your Papers at night and save a day’s pay. 


12 


where to Secure citizenship papers in Cleveland. 


I 



U. S. Post Office and Federal Building. 


























MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. 



14 


Map of United States, with States and Important Cities. 

























AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. 


Government. —Every country must have a government. Without gov¬ 
ernment there are no laws, no order and no protection. 

Life, liberty and property in every government must be protected by a 
regular form of government. 

There are two kinds of governments: 

MONARCHY is a form of government which is ruled by an emperor 
or a king. The legislative, executive and judicial powers are often exercised 
by one person. 

REPUBLIC is a form of government where the people rule. The 
legislative, executive and judicial powers are given to different persons. 


“OUR COUNTRY IS A REPUBLIC, OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE 
PEOPLE AND FOR THE PEOPLE.” 

The government of the United States belongs to the people and the 
people rule by voting. The government is for the benefit and protection of 
the people. 

Our American Government is divided into four divisions: 

(1) NATIONAL, (3) COUNTY, 

(2) STATE, (4) CITY. 

Our NATIONAL GOVERNMENT is the United States, which is com¬ 
posed of 48 STATES joined together into one nation. Each State is 
divided into COUNTIES. The State of Ohio is composed of 88 counties. 
We live in Cuyahoga county, which is made up of many towns and villages 
in addition to the city of Cleveland. Each CITY in turn is divided into 
wards. Cleveland has 26 wards. 

Each division of government is divided into three branches: 

(1) LEGISLATIVE BRANCH—Which makes the laws. 

(2) EXECUTIVE BRANCH—Which enforces the laws. 

(3) JUDICIAL BRANCH—Which interprets the laws. 


QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. 

1. What is government?.. 


2. Why is government necessary? 


3. What is a monarchy?. 

4. What is a republic?.. 

5. What is the form of our government?. 

6. Into what divisions is our government divided?... 

7. How many states are there in the United States?. 

8. How many counties are there in the state of Ohio? 

9. What three branches are there to each division?.. 


10. What is the legislative branch called? 

11. What is the executive branch called?. 

12. What is the judicial branch called?... 


15 


















OUR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT. 



NATIONAL CAPITOL AT WASHINGTON, D. C. 


National Capital. —The “City of Washington,” in the District of Colum¬ 
bia is our National Capital. It is in this city that Congress and the Supreme 
Court meet and the President lives. 

Form of Government. —We have a Republican form of government 
where the sovereignty or power resides in the PEOPLE. 

Constitution. —The fundamental law of our country is the “Constitu¬ 
tion of the United States.” It sets forth the frame work for our Fed¬ 
eral Government. A general knowledge of our “Constitution” is required 
of every one applying for citizenship. You will find it on page 27. Read 
it over several times and study it carefully. This “Constitution ' of the 
United States” was written by Representatives OF THE PEOPLE and 
adopted BY THE PEOPLE. 

Three Branches. —The “Constitution of the United States” divides our 
Federal Government into these three branches: 

(1) The LEGISLATIVE branch makes the laws for the United States and 
is called CONGRESS. 

(2) The EXECUTIVE branch enforces the “Constitution of the United 
States” and the laws made by Congress. The Chief Executive is the 
PRESIDENT of the United States. 

(3) The JUDICIAL branch interprets the Constitution and the laws passed 
by Congress. The SUPREME COURT of the United States, with the 
other Federal Courts, form this judicial branch. 

QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. 

1. In whom is the power of government vested in the United States?. 


2. What is the “Constitution of the United States”? 


3. Who makes the laws for the United States? 

4. Who is the Chief Executive of the U. S.?.. . 

5. What does the Supreme Court of U. S. do?. 


16 
















THREE BRANCHES OF OUR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT. 


1. LEGISLATIVE. 

Congress, which makes the laws of the United States, consists of two 
houses; the smaller one is the Senate and the larger the House of Repre¬ 
sentatives. They meet at least once every year at the National Capital. 

SENATE is composed of two Senators from each State, who are in 
some States elected by the State Legislature for six years. 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is composed of Representatives, 
elected for two years directly by the people of the districts into which each 
State is divided; the number of districts in the State depends upon the 
population. 

PRESIDING OFFICERS.—The President of the Senate is the Vice- 
President of the United States. The presiding officer of the House of 
Representatives is the Speaker, elected from their own members. ' 


2. EXECUTIVE. 

President. —The enforcement of our National laws is entrusted to the 
President of the United States and his assistants. According to the Con¬ 
stitution, he must be a native born citizen, 35 years of age, and is elected 
indirectly by the people for four years. Our present President is Woodrow 
Wilson. 

HIS POWERS are: (1) Commander in Chief of the U. S. Army and 
Navy, (2) makes appointments with the consent of Congress, and (3) has 
power of veto. (See page 30). 

HIS DUTIES are: (1) to enforce the laws, (2) to send messages to 
Congress about the government, and (3) to represent the government. 

PRESIDENT’S CABINET.—There are ten departments in our govern¬ 
ment, and the heads of these departments form the President’s Cabinet. 
They advise him upon all national affairs. The heads of these ten depart¬ 
ments are: The Secretaries of -(1) State, (2) the Treasury, (3) War, (4) 
the Attorney General, (5) the Post Master General, (6)' Navy, (7) Interior, 
(8) Agriculture, (9) Commerce and (10) Labor. 

The order given is the order in which they would succeed to the Presi¬ 
dency of the United States. 

3. JUDICIAL. 

Supreme Court. —The interpreters of the United States Constitution 
and the laws are the Chief Justice o( the Supreme Court and his eight 
Associate Justices. They are appointed by the President of the United 
States for life. 


QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. 

1. Of what two Houses does Congress consist?. 


2. Who elects the President; and what are his powers and duties? 


3. What is the Supreme Court?. 

4. How many judges are there?. 

5 Who is next in office to the President?. 

6. Name the members of the President’s Cabinet 


17 














18 


DIAGRAM OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. 










































OUR STATE, OHIO. 



STATE CAPITOL, COLUMBUS, OHIO. 

State Constitution. —Our State, “Ohio,” has, like our national govern¬ 
ment, a Constitution, but it cannot in any way conflict with the “Constitu¬ 
tion of the United States.” This “State Constitution” divides the State 
government into the same three branches which our national government 
has, namely v (1) Legislative, (2) Executive and (3) Judicial. 

I. LEGISLATIVE. 

State Legislature. —This law-making body is also made up of two 
houses, the Senate and.the House of Representatives. In Ohio, the mem¬ 
bers of both houses are elected directly by the people for two years. Ohio 
has 31 members in its Senate and 126 in the House of Representatives. The 
number depends upon the population ratio. The State Legislature con¬ 
venes every two years at the State Capital in the city of Columbus, unless 
a special session is called by the Governor. 

2. EXECUTIVE. 

Our Governor is the Chief Executive for enforcing the State laws. 
He is elected directly by the people of the State every two years. His 
assistants, who are also elected by the people, are: 

Lieutenant Governor—President of the State Senate, 

Secretary of State—In charge of State records and seal, 

State Auditor—State bookkeeper, 

State Treasurer—In charge of State’s money, 

Attorney General—State’s lawyer. 

The Governor has power of appointment and veto over State affairs. 

3. JUDICIAL. 

Supreme Court. —The interpreters of the State Constitution and the 
State laws are the judges of the State courts. The highest court for the 
“State of Ohio” is the Supreme Court, with six judges elected by the people 
for six years. 

QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. 

1. What is the fundamental law for the State of Ohio?. 


2. When and where does the State Legislature meet? 


3 Who is the chief executive for the State of Ohio? 

4. What is the highest court in the State?. 

19 














OUR COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA. 



MAP OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 

County Government. —Each State is divided into a number of parts 
called counties. There are 88 counties in the State of Ohio. The county 
. seat of our “County of Cuyahoga” is CLEVELAND. 

The counties are governed by laws made by the State Legislature. 

The business of each county is conducted in its County Court House. 

The County Government is divided into the same three branches as the 
State and National Government: 

(1) LEGISLATIVE, (2) EXECUTIVE, (3) JUDICIAL. 

1. LEGISLATIVE. 

Commissioners. —The law making power of the county is limited and is 
vested in three COUNTY COMMISSIONERS, elected by the people for a 
term of two years. They supervise the enforcement of the State laws and 
have charge of the county buildings, roads and bridges. 

2. EXECUTIVE. 

The Sheriff is the chief executive officer for enforcing the laws. He is 
also elected by the people of the county for two years. His duties are: (1) 
to preserve peace in the county, (2) to summon witnesses and jurors, (3) 
to carry out the sentences of the court and (4) to take care of the county 
jail. 

Other county executive officers are: 

AUDITOR—County bookkeeper, 

TREASURER—In charge of county’s money, 

RECORDER—In charge of records and deeds, 

SURVEYOR—Cares for county roads and buildings, 

CORONER—Investigates violent deaths, and in charge of county 
morgue, 

.PROSECUTING ATTORNEY—County’s lawyer, 

COUNTY CLERK—Keeps records of county courts and naturaliza¬ 
tion. 

These officers are all elected by the voters of the county for two years 

3. JUDICIAL. 

The Law-interpreting Power is vested in the county courts, which are: 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE—Cases involving less than $100.00. 

PROBATE COURT—Wills and marriages. 

JUVENILE COURT—Children, 

COMMON PLEAS COURT—Civil and criminal cases, 

CIRCUIT COURT—Higher court. 

QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. 

1. What city is the county seat of our “County of Cuyahoga”?. 

2 Who form the legislative branch of our county government?. 


3. What are the duties of the Sheriff? 

20 























OUR CITY OF CLEVELAND. 



Arranged by J. E. CUTLER 


Copyrighted 1913 bv THB ASSOCIATED CHARITIES CLEVELAND 


(With the courtesy of the Associated Charities of Cleveland.) 


DIAGRAM OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT OF CLEVELAND. 

City Charter. —It gives the City of Cleveland its framework of govern¬ 
ment. It was drafted in 1913 according to the provisions in the State Con¬ 
stitution, by the Charter Commissioners, who were elected by the people 
of Cleveland. 


1. LEGISLATIVE. 

The City Council makes the laws for Cleveland. These laws are called 
ordinances. The Council meets every Monday evening in the Council 
Chamber at the City Hall to consider the affairs of the City Government. 
There are 26 councilmen because Cleveland is divided into 26 wards. There 
is one councilman elected from each ward for two years. Visit the Council 
some Monday evening at the City Hall and see how it conducts the business 
^ of the people. 

P 2. EXECUTIVE. 

The Mayor, who is elected by the people for two years, is the Chief 
Executive of the city. He has broad administrative powers over the Six 
Departments of our City Government and appoints the Directors of these 
Six Departments. The functions of these Six Directors are as follows: 

(1) PUBLIC SERVICE—Cares for our streets, parks and public works. 

(2) PUBLIC WELFARE—The welfare of the people is provided for by 
maintaining (a) Health Division, (b) Charity and Correctional Institu¬ 
tions, (c) Playgrounds and (d) Employment and Immigration work. 

(3) PUBLIC SAFETY—The safety of the people is cared for by (a) Police 
and Fire Stations, (b) Building Inspection and (c) Correct weights and 
measures. 


21 















































































































OUR CITY OF CLEVELAND. 

(Continued.) 



CLEVELAND’S NEW CITY HALL. 

(4) FINANCE—(a) bookkeeper and treasurer of city funds, (b) collects 
assessments and licenses and (c) buys supplies for city departments. 

(5) PUBLIC UTILITIES—Furnishes city with water, light and heat. 

(6) LAW—Takes care of the legal business of'the city. 

The six directors of these departments form the BOARD OF CON¬ 
TROL, which meets frequently to confer with the Mayor in regard to 
municipal affairs. 

3. JUDICIAL. 

The Municipal Courts, who interpret the city ordinances, are com¬ 
posed of two branches: CIVIL and CRIMINAL. 

The work of the CIVIL BRANCH consists mostly of small law suits. 
The CRIMINAL BRANCH interprets the law where an arrest has 
been made for violation of a city ordinance. 

Special. 

Civil Service is the method outlined by the City Charter for filling all 
city positions except those few elected by the people or appointed by the 
Mayor. Through Civil Service, every applicant for a city position must 
take an examination to show his fitness. 


FACTS ABOUT CLEVELAND. 


The population of Cleveland is 560,663 (Census of 1910). 

Cleveland is the SIXTH largest city in the United States. 

One-third of its population is composed of Immigrants who came from 
other lands. 


Cleveland is known the world over as a large shipping and manufac¬ 
turing center. Its system of parks is the finest in the United States. 

Cleveland because of its public spirited citizens is often called the 
“CITY OF GOOD WILL.” 


QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. 

1. What is the “City Charter”?... 

2. Who makes the laws for the “City of Cleveland”?.. . 

3 Why are there 26 councilmen?. 


4. Who is the chief executive of the “City of Cleveland”?. 

5; Give the names of the six Directors of the six Departments of the city 
government? . 


22 



























CLEVELAND’S STREET NUMBERING SYSTEM. 



MAP OF CLEVELAND. 

Study this map of your city. 

The Cuyahoga River and Ontario Street divide the city into two parts: 
East Side and West Side. 

THE EAST SIDE is divided into NORTH EAST (N. E.) and SOUTH 
EAST (S. E.) by Euclid Avenue. 

THE WEST SIDE is divided into NORTH WEST (N .W.) and SOUTH 
WEST (S. W.) by Lorain Avenue. 

AVENUES extend east and west and are named. Example: Superior Ave¬ 
nue (Ave.). 

STREETS extend north and south and are numbered. Example: East 55th 
Street (St.). 

HOUSE NUMBERS ON STREETS commence at the Lake and run 
South. 

HOUSE NUMBERS ON AVENUES on the East Side commence at Pub¬ 
lic Square and run East. Those on the West Side commence at Public 
Square and run West. 

EVEN NUMBERS are on the right hand side, 

ODD NUMBERS are on the left hand side, going in the direction of 
increase in numbers. 

QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. 

1. What river divides Cleveland into two parts?. 

2. What are the four divisions of Cleveland?. 


3. In what direction do Avenues extend and in what direction do Streets 
extend?.•'. 


4 Where is the “City Hall”?. 

5. Where is the “County Court House”? 

6. Locate the Post Office. 


23 































THE AMERICAN FLAG. 

Pledge of Allegiance. 

“I pledge allegience to my Flag, and to the 
Republic for which it stands; 

One Nation indivisible, 

With Liberty and Justice for all.” 



FACTS ABOUT OUR FLAG. 

OUR FLAG. The flag of one’s country is its dearest possession. Our 
flag is the emblem of. liberty—the emblem of hope—the emblem of 
peace and good will towards men. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE AMERICAN FLAG. The American flag is 
red, white and blue. There are thirteen stripes which represent the 
first “Thirteen States of America.” Seven . stripes are red, and six 
are white. The corner of the flag is blue with white stars. There 
are forty-eight stars in the blue field. Each star stands for a State. 
United States means states joined together into one Nation. 

HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN FLAG. After the Revolutionary war 
broke out against England because of oppression of the American 
colonists, it was necessary for them to have a flag to represent their 
cause. In 1776, a special committee of three was appointed by 
Congress to design a National Flag. This committee called upon 
Betsey Rose, a woman noted for her fine needlework to make a flag 
from a drawing. Many people today visit her home in Philadelphia 
where the first American flag was made. 

On June 14, 1777, Congress adopted this flag as official, and we 
therefore observe every June 14th as Flag Day. 

ALL AMERICANS LOVE AND RESPECT THEIR FLAG. 


AMERICA 


1. My country, ’tis of thee, 
Sweet land of liberty, 

Of thee I sing. 

Land where my fathers died, 
Land of the pilgrim’s pride, 
From ev’ry mountain side 
Let freedom ring. 


2. My native country, thee, 

Land of the noble, free, 

Thy name I love; 

I love thy rocks and rills, 
Thy woods and templed hills; 
My heart with rapture thrills 
Like that above. 


Questions on the Lesson. 

1. What does the American flag represent?. 

2. Describe our flag. 

3. How many stars are there and what do they represent? 


4. What does United States mean?.. .. 

5. Who made the first American flag? 

6 When is Flag Day?. 


24 









A SHORT HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



George Washington. 

“THE FATHER OF OUR COUNTRY” 

THE GREAT DISCOVERY. 

This great country of America was discovered in 1492 by Christopher 
Columbus, an Italian, who believed that the world was round. In an effort 
to go around the world, he discovered America. His ships were furnished 
him by the Queen of Spain, and therefore the new country was claimed for 
Spain. In time, England, France and other countries of Europe sent expe¬ 
ditions to explore and settle this rich and vast land. 

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 

In a course of a hundred years, England became very powerful and 
came in possession of a very large part of America, especially the Eastern 
coast which was known as the “Thirteen English Colonies” (now are thir¬ 
teen of our Eastern States). England denied these colonies liberty and 
taxed them without their consent so that they rebelled. On the 4th day of 
July, 1776, they declared themselves free. The war of the American Revo¬ 
lution followed. Under the leadership of George Washington, the American 
colonies gained their freedom and established a separate government, called 
the United States of America. George Washington was then elected Presi¬ 
dent by the people, under a Federal Constitution which the people had 
adopted. 

PERIOD OF GROWTH. 

This new country of opportunity grew very rapidly in size, population 
and strength, until its boundaries became the Atlantic Ocean on the East, 
the Pacific Ocean on the West, Canada on the North and Mexico on the 
South. 

CIVIL WAR. 

In 1861, the people of the United States were divided on the great sub¬ 
ject of Slavery. The people of the South owned a large number of colored 
people as slaves. The people of the North believed that Slavery was unjust. 
The Civil War followed. Abraham Lincoln was President of the United 
States, and under his wise direction the nation was kept whole and the 
slaves set free. George Washington is called the “Father of Our Country,” 
while Abraham Lincoln is called the “Savior of Our Country.” 

25 


A SHORT HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 
(Continued) 



Abraham Lincoln, 

“THE SAVIOR OF OUR COUNTRY.” 

IMPORTANT FACTS. 

There are so many events in the history of the United States that it is 


impossible to 

give 

them all, but the following are important. 

1492. 

Oct. 

12 

Columbus discovered America. 

1620. 

Dec. 

21 

Pilgrims arrived on the “Mayflower” at Plymouth, Mass. 

1775. 

April 

19 

The Revolutionary War began with the battle of Lex¬ 
ington. 

1776. 

July 

4 

Declaration of Independence signed. 

1783. 

Sept. 

3 

Treaty of Peace with Great Britain. 

1789. 

April 

30 

George Washington elected first President. 

1807. 

Aug. 

11 

Steamboat invented by Robert Fulton. 

1813. 

Sept. 

10 

Perry’s victory on Lake Erie, and the end of the War 
of 1812. 

1861. 

March 

4 

Abraham Lincoln became President. 

1861. 

April 

12 

Civil War began. 

1862. 

Sept. 

22 

Proclamation of Freedom for Slaves. 

1865. 

April 

9 

General Lee surrendered his army to General Grant. 

1898. 

Feb. 

15 

Spanish-American War began; 

1898. 

Nov. 

28 

End of Spanish War and Cuba set free. 

1913. 

March 

1 

Woodrow Wilson became President. 

The Presidents of the United States. 


1 . 

George Washington 1789-1797 

15. 

James Buchanan 

1857-1861 

2. 

John Adams 

1797-1801 

16. 

Abraham Lincoln 

1861-1865 

3. 

Thomas Jefferson 

1801-1809 

17. 

Andrew Johnson 

1865-1869 

4. 

James Madison 

1809-1817 

18. 

Ulysses S. Grant 

1869-1877 

5. 

James Monroe 

1817-1825 

19. 

Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881 

6. 

John Quincy Adams 1825-1829 

20. 

James A. Garfield 

1881- 

7. 

Andrew Jackson 

1829-1837 

21. 

Chester A. Arthur 

1881-1885 

8. 

Martin Van Buren 

1837-1841 

22. 

Grover Cleveland 

1885-1889 

9. 

William H. Harrison 1841 

23. 

Benjamin Harrison 

1889-1893 

10. 

John Tyler 

1841-1845 

24. 

Grover Cleveland 

1893-1897 

11. 

James Knox Polk 

1845-1849 

25. 

William McKinley 

1897-1901 

12. 

Zachary Taylor 

1849-1850 

26. 

Theodore Roosevelt 

1901-1909 

13. 

Millard Fillmore 

1850-1853 

27. 

William Howard Taft 1909-1913 

14. 

Franklin Pierce 

1853-1857 

28. 

Woodrow Wilson 

1913- 


26 


CONSTITUTION 
OF THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

Study This Constitution Carefully. Every Applicant for Citizenship Must 
Swear That He Understands and Believes in the Constitution 

of the United States. 

NOTE: The Constitution abridged is in italic letters. 

HISTORY OF THE CONSTITUTION: The Constitution of the 
L . S. was made in 1787 by Representatives of the people of the American 
Colonies after the Revolutionary War with England for Liberty. It was 
necessary for the United States after becoming a separate government, to 
have a .foundation of government. For this reason, a Constitution was 
written and adopted by the people. 

PREAMBLE. 

(WE THE PEOPLE of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, 
establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote 
the general W elf are, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity 
do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America.) 

Q. What is the Constitution of the United States? 

tt T he "Constitution of the United States” is the fundamental law of the 

United States. 

Q. Why was the Constitution written and adopted? 

A. In order to form a more perfect union, establish liberty, etc. 

Q. Into how many departments is the government of the United States divided? 

A. Three Departments: the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.' 

ARTICLE I. 

CONGRESS. 

(Section I. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of 
the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.) 

Q. Of what does Congress consist? 

A. House of Senate and House of Representatives. 

Q. Who makes the laws of the United States? 

A. Congress. It is called the Legislative Department. 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

(Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every 
second year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have 
the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legis¬ 
lature.) 

Q. How are the Representatives elected and for what term? 

A. By the People for two years. 

(No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of 
twenty-five years, and been seven years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, 
when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.) 

Q. What person may be a Representative? 

A. Any person who is 25 years old and has been a citizen of the United States 
for seven years and who lives in the State from which he is chosen. 

(When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority 
thereof shall issue- Writs of Election to fill such vacancies.) 

Q. When a Representative to Congress dies, how may his office be filled? 

A. The Governor of the State appoints successor for the unexpired term. 

(The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and 
shall have the sole Power of Impeachments.) 

Q. Who is the Head of the House of Representatives? 

A. The Speaker, elected by the Representatives from their own number. 

Q. Who is the present Speaker of the House of Representatives? 

' A. 

SENATE. 

(Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from 
each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have 
one vote.) 

Q. How many Senators are there from each State; how elected; and for what 
term? 

A. Two from each State; elected by State Legislature; for six years. 

(No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty years, 
and been nine Years a citizen of the United States, and rvho shall not, when elected, be 
an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.) 


27 



(The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall 
have no vote, unless they be equally divided.) 

Q. Who is the Head of the Senate? 

A. The Vice-President of the United States. 

(The Senate shall choose their Officers, and also a Pr * s j. dent , pr ,° p!!'silent 'of the 
absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of the President of 

United States.) . . , 

(The Senate shall have the sole Pozver to try all I m P ea ' hm f,"* s - { . ,% he J thlSnitVd 
that purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation When the ^ Without 

States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no person shall be convicted without 

the Concurrence of two-thirds of the Members present.) 

(Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from 
Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor. Trust or Pr °fa. u ” der 
the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to 
Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.) 


Q. What is Impeachment? 

A. Removing' a public official from Office for bad conduct. 


THE LAWS GOVERNING CONGRESS. 

(Section 4. The Times, Places, and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and 
Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof;but the Congress 
may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of Cnoosing 
Senators.) 

(The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such meeting shall be 
on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.) 

Q. When and where does Congress meet? 

A. The first Monday in December every year at Washington. 

(Section 5 . Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications 
of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; 
but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day and may be authorised to compel the 
Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House 
may provide.) 

(Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for dis¬ 
orderly Behavior, and with the Concurrence of two-thirds, expel a Member.) 

Q. Who determines the Rules for Congress? 

A. Each House determines its own Rules of Proceeding. 

(Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings and from time to time publish 
the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas 
and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one- 
fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.) 

(Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the 
other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the 
two Houses shall be sitting.) 

Q. Is a record kept of what Congress does? 

A. Yes. Each House keeps a Journal of its Proceedings. 

(Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their 
Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. 
They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of Peace, be privileged from 
Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going 
to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they 
shall not be questioned in any other Place.) 

Q. How are the Senators and Representatives Paid? 

A. From the Treasury of the United States. 

(No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for zvhich he was elected, be ap¬ 
pointed to any civil Office under the authority of the United States, zvhich shall have 
been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time • and 
no person holding any Office under the United States shall be a Member of either House 
during his Continuance in Office.) 

Q. Can a man hold public office and also be a member of Congress? 

A. No. 


HOW OUR LAWS ARE MADE. 

(Section 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representa¬ 
tives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.) 

Q. How is money raised for the government in the United States? 

A. Money is raised by Revenue authorized by Law, which originates in the 
House of Representatives but is passed by both branches of Congress. 

(Every Bill zvhich shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, 
shall, before it becomes a. Law, be presented to the President of the United States; if 
he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it with his Objections to that House 
in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, 
and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two-thirds of that House 
shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House 
by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House it 
shall become a Law. But -in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined 
by Yeas and Nays and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall 
be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned 
to the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented 


28 


to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Con¬ 
gress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which case it shall not be a Law.) 

Q. What is the right of veto? 

, When a law or bil1 is Passed by Congress it is presented to the President 

ot the United States, for his signature, before it becomes a law. If he does not 
tavor the law passed by Congress he vetoes or rejects it. The Law is then returned 
to Congress with his objections. Then if two-thirds of the House of Representatives 
and Senate favor this law by' their vote, it becomes a law in spite of the veto of 
the President. 

POWERS OF CONGRESS. 

(Section 8. The Congress shall have Power to lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Im¬ 
posts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general 
Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform 
throughout the United States: 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States; 

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several states, and with 
the Indian Tribes; 

To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of 
Bankruptcies throughout the United States; 

To coin money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the Standard 
of Weights and Meflsures; 

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of 
the United States; 

To establish Post Offices and Post Roads; 

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times 
to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; 

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; 

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses 
arainst the Law of Nations; 

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning 
Captures on Land and Water; 

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be 
for a longer Term than two Years; 

To provide and maintain a Navy; 

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; 

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, sup¬ 

press Insurrections and repel Invasions; 

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the Militia and for governing such 
Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States; reserving to the 
States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia 
according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; 

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not ex¬ 
ceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular states, and the acceptance of 

Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like 

Authority over all places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in 
which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and 
other needful Buildings; and 

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the 
foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of 
the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.) 

Q. What are the Powers of Congress? 

A. (Read very carefully this Section 8.) 

Q. Name six important Powers of Congress? 

A. 1. Collect Taxes. 2. Regulate Commerce. 3. Coin Money. 4. Establish 
Post Offices. 5. Maintain Army and Navy, and, 6. Make all Laws necessary for 
the enforcement of the Constitution of the United States. 

WHAT CONGRESS CANNOT DO. 

(Section 9. The Migration or Importation of such persons as any State now existing 
shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by Congress prior to the Year one 
thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importa¬ 

tion, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. 

The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in 

Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. 

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. 

No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census 
or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. 

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the 
Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from one State, 
be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. 

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations 
made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of 
all public Money shall be published from time to time. 

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any 
Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept 
of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, 
or foreign State.) 


29 


Q. What Laws is Congress prohibited from Making? 

A. (Read Carefully Section 9.) 

Q. Name two important things which Congress cannot do? 

A. Congress cannot show any preference to any State in regulating Commerce 
or Revenue; Congress cannot grant any Title of Nobility. 

WHAT THE STATES CANNOT DO. 

(Section io. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or confederation; grant 
Letters of Marque and Reprisal; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and Silver 
Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of attainder, ex post facto Law, or 
Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts or grant any Title of Nobility. 

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on 
Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection 
Laws; and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts laid by any State on Imports and 
Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be 
subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. 

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any duty of Tonnage keep 
Troops, or Ships of War in Time~ of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with 
another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in 
such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.) 

Q. Name four functions which a State cannot exercise. 

A. A State cannot: 1. Make Treaties. 2. Coin Money. 3. Levy Duties, and, 
4. Maintain an Army or Navy. 

ARTICLE II. 

THE PRESIDENT. 

(Section i. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States 
of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and together with the 
Vice-President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: 

Each State shall appoint, in sucli Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a 
Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which 
the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or Person 

holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

The Congress may determine the Time of cliusing the Electors, and the Day on which 
they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. 

Q. How long is the chief executive of the United States elected? 

A. The President is the chief executive of the United States and is elected 
for Four Years. 

Q. Who is the President of the United States? 

A... is the President of the United States. 

(No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States at the 

time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to thg Office of President; neither 

shall any Person be eligible to that Office vuho shall not have attained the Age of thirty- 
five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.) 

Q. What are the Qualifications for the Presidency of the United States? 

A. Native born Citizen, 14 Years Resident in the United States and thirty-five 
years of age. 

(In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, 
or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the same shall devolve 
on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, 
Death, Resignation or Inability both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what 
Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Dis¬ 
ability be removed, or a President shall be elected.) 

Q. Who becomes President of the United States in case of his death? 

A. The Vice-President of the United States and then in succession are the 
various members of the President’s Cabinet. 

(The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which 
•shall neither be increased or diminished during the Period for which he shall have been 
elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the 
United States, or any of them. 

Before he enter on the Execution of this Office, he shall take the following Oath or 
Affirmation: “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Offices of 

President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and 
defend the Constitution of the United States.”) 

Q. What Oath does the President take? 

A. “I do solemnly swear that I will to the best of my Ability, preserve, pro¬ 
tect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” 

THE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT. 

(Section 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of 
the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual ser¬ 
vice of the United States: he may require the Opinion in writing, of the Principal Officer 
in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of their re¬ 
spective Offices, and he shall have Power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses 
against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. 

He shall have Power, by and with the Advices and consent of the Senate, to make 
Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and 
by and zvith the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public 
Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United 


30 



States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
established by Law: but the Congress may by Lazo vest the Appointment of such inferior 
Ufficers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the 
Heads of Departments. 

The President shall have Pozver to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the 
Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their 
next Session.) 

Q. Who is the Commander of the Army and Navy? 

A. The President. 

THE DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT. 

(Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State 
of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge nec 
essary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either 
of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, zvith Respect to the Time of Adjourn¬ 
ment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Am¬ 
bassadors and other Public Ministers; he shall take care that the Laws be faithfully exe¬ 
cuted, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.) 

Q. What are the three chief duties of the President? 

A. The three chief duties of the President are: 

1. To send messages to Congress about the Government. 2. Give recep¬ 
tions to Ambassadors. 3. Enforce the Laws of the United States. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

(Section 4. The President, Vice-President and all civil Officers of the United States, 
shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, 
or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.) 

ARTICLE III. 

THE SUPREME COURT. 

(Section 1. The judicial Pozver of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme 
Court, and in such inferior Courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and es¬ 
tablish. The Judges both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices 
during _ good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Com¬ 
pensation which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.) 

Q. What is the Supreme Court? 

A. The Supreme Court is the highest Court in the United States. Its nine 
judges are chosen by the President for life. 

THE DUTIES OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS. 

(Section 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising 
under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall 
be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Min¬ 
isters and Consuls —to all Cases of admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies 
to which the United Stales shall be a Party;— to Controversies between two or more 
States;—between a State and Citizens of another State;—between citizens of different 
States; between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants op different States, 
and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. 

The trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and 
such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; 
but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be held at such Place or Places 
as the Congress may by Law have directed. 

Q. What are the duties of the United States Courts? 

A. The duties of the United States Courts are to interpret the Laws of the 
United States according to the Constitution. 

TREASON. 

(Section 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against 
them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No person shall 
be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of tzvo Witnesses to the same overt Act, 
or on Confession in open Court. 

Q. What is Treason? 

A. Treason is being unfaithful to the United States by waging war and 
giving assistance to our enemies. 

ARTICLE IV. 

STATE RIGHTS. 

(Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Rec¬ 
ords, and Judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general 
Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records, and Proceedings shall be proved, 
and the Effect thereof.) 

(Section 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immuni¬ 
ties of Citizens in the several States.) 

(A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall 
flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the Executive Au¬ 
thority from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction 
of the Crime.) 

(No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Lazvs thereof, escaping 
into another, shall, in Consequence of any Lazv or Regulation therein be discharged from 
such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such 
Service or Labour may be due.) 


31 


Q. Can a person who committed a crime be arrested in another State? 

A. Yes, on demand of the Governor of the State where the Crime was com¬ 
mitted. 

(Section 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new 
State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State;. nor any 
State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the 
Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as zuell as of the Congress.) 

(The Congress shall have the Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Pc< 7 - 
ulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States: and 
nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the 
United States, or of any particular State.) 

(Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Repub¬ 
lican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Ap¬ 
plication of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature' cannot be con¬ 
vened) against domestic Violence.) 

Q. What does the United States guarantee to every State in the Union? 

A. A Republican Form of Government. 

Q. What is a Republic? 

A. A Republic is a Government of the people, for the people and by the people. 

ARTICLE V. 

AMENDMENTS. 

(The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary shall pro¬ 
pose Amendments to this Constitution, or. on the Application of the Legislatures of two- 
thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for prop.osing Amendments, which, in 
either Case, shall be valid to all intents and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when 
ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in 
three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by 
the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thou¬ 
sand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the 
Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, zvithout its Consent, shall be deprived 
of its equal Suffrage in the. Senate. 

Q. Can the Constitution be Changed? 

A. Yes. It can be amended. 

Q. How many amendments have been made? 

A. Seventeen. 

Q. Who signed this Constitution? 

A. Georg-e Washington and Representatives of the People. 

Q. Who adopted this Constitution? 

A. The People. 

IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED 

STATES. (Abridged.) 

(ARTICLE I.) 

Congress shall make no laze respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the 
free exercise thereof: or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right 
of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of griev- 
an ces. 

Q. Has Congress the power to pass laws regarding Religion? 

A. No. Congress has no power to establish a State Church. 

Q. Has a citizen of the United States the right to speak publicly or print the 
truth about the Government? 

A. Yes. We in America have the freedom of speech and the press. 

(ARTICLE XIII.) 

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime zvhereof the 
party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within tjie United States, or any place 
subject to their jurisdiction. 

Q. Is slavery prohibited in the United States? 

A. Yes. This amendment was passed as a result of our Civil War to set 
the colored people of the United States free. 

(ARTICLE XIV.) 

All Persons born or naturalised in the United States, are citizens of the United States 
and of the State zvherein they reside. No state shall deprive any person of life, liberty or 
property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the 
equal protection of the laws. 

Q. Can a citizen be deprived of life, liberty and property? 

A. No. A citizen of the United States cannot be deprived of life, liberty and 
property without due process of law. 

(ARTICLE XV.) 

“The. citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by 

the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous conditions of 
servitude. 

_, Q. Can 3,1 citizens, no matter of what nationality or color, vote in the United 
States? 

A. Yes. For the right to vote cannot be denied because of race, or color. 

32 


“AMERICA IS THE LAND OF JUSTICE.” 
II STUDY YOUR LEGAL RIGHTS. 



THE LEGAL AID SOCIETY, 548 ENGINEERS BUILDING 
FURNISHES LEGAL PROTECTION. 

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT OUR LAWS 

1.—RELATIONS OF HUSBAND AND WIFE. 

Duty of husband to support family. The husband must support him¬ 
self, wife and his minor children. If he cannot do so, the wife must help 
him as much as she can. It is a crime for a husband to desert or neglect 
a child under 16 years of age, or a wife who is to become a mother. 

Interest in each other’s property. Neither husband nor wife can be 
kept from the home as long as they are living as man and wife and as long 
as they conduct themselves well. Each holds his or her property separate, 
subject to a legal or dower interest of the other. Husband or wife may 
contract with each other or any other person the same as if unmarried. 

Can not alter their legal relations or duty to support minor children. 
Husband and wife cannot by any contract avoid supporting their minor 
children; nor can they change the marriage contract, except by order of 
court. 

Support of wife after separation. Husband is liable for the support of 
his wife if he leaves hen, or if she leaves with good cause, and if the hus¬ 
band fails to supply his wife with necessaries, any other person may do so 
and recover pay from the husband. 

Alimony. If a husband fails to support his family, his wife may secure 
an order from court compelling him to pay her money for her support and 
her minor children. 

Common law marriage. Where a man and woman live together as hus¬ 
band and wife and hold themselves out to be such, the law considers them 
married although no legal ceremony has been performed. 

II—SUPPORT OF PARENTS. 

Any adult child having a parent within the state without means and 
unable because of age or infirmity to be self-supporting, must provide for 
such parent necessary shelter, food and clothing, and is criminally liable 
upon failure to do so. 


33 




Ill—MINORS. 


Neglecting, abandoning or torturing children under 16 years. It is a 

crime punishable by fine and imprisonment to torture, torment, cruelly or 
unlawfully punish, or negligently deprive a child of necessary food, cloth' 
ing or shelter. 

School laws. Boys between the ages of 8 and 15, and girls between 
the a^es of 8 and 16 must attend school. All children between 15 and 16 
years' who are not regularly employed shall be required to attend school. 

No boy under 16 and no girl under 18 years shall be employed unless 
such child presents to its employer an age and school certificate. Such cer¬ 
tificate must be obtained from the superintendent of schools. 

Labor Laws. Minors’ wages must be agreed on in advance and it 
is unlawful to retain wages from minors for breakage or failure to do work 
properly. 

No boy under the age of 15 years or girl under 16 years of age shall 
be employed in any factory, workshop, business office, mercantile or other 
establishment either directly or indirectly at any time. 

Maximum Hours of Labor. No boy under 16 and no girl under 18 
shall be employed in any of the above mentioned places more than 6 days 
in any one week or more than 48 hours in any one week, nor more than 
8 hours in any one day, nor before the hour of seven o’clock in the morn¬ 
ing nor after six a’clock in the evening. 

Minors physically unfit for work may be barred from employment if 
unable to secure board of health certificate. 

Minors must not be employed in dangerous or immoral surroundings. 

Laws affecting morals of minors. Enticing a minor to gamble, or 
gambling with him is punishable by fine and imprisonment. 

Permitting minors under 18 to play pool or billiards is punishable by 

fine. 


Inducing illicit intercourse with a female under 18 years of age is 
punishable by imprisonment. 

Selling or giving cigarettes, cigars, or tobacco to any minor under 16 
years of age is punishable by fine or imprisonment. 

Selling or giving to any minor under 14 any gun, rifle, revolver, fire¬ 
arm, or ammunition, or knowingly permitting a minor to use the same is 
punishable by fine and imprisonment. 

No minor shall enter a saloon or other place where intoxicating liquor 
is sold or offered for sale unless accompanied by parent or guardian. 

Control of minors by court. The Juvenile Court has jurisdiction to 
enforce proper care and protection of minors. The court also has power 
to take children from parents if not properly cared for and place them 
in suitable homes. 


IV— ATTACHMENT of wages. 

Amount of attachment. Ten per cent of a married man’s wages may 
be taken to satisfy a bill for necessaries. A bill for necessaries includes 
claims for rent, groceries, clothing and medical service. If the debtor is 
served with a notice called a “Statutory notice,” and does not obey the 
same within three days, or give an order on his employer for 10% of his 
wages, he is liable to wage attachment in Justice Court or Municipal Court 
of Cleveland, and in such event in addition to having to pay 10% he is 
liable for court costs in the sum of $2.50. 

A single man has NO property or wages which can be held from 
collection of a court judgment. The same applies to an unmarried woman 
with the exception of about $100 worth of clothing, with a few other un¬ 
important articles. 

V— INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 

Notice to saloonkeeper. A husband, wife, child, parent, guardian or 
other interested person liable to be injured by any sale of intoxicating 
liquors to any person, and desiring to prevent such sale shall give notice 
either verbally or in writing (this should be before witnesses) to the per- 


34 


son or persons so selling or giving, and to the owner or lessor of the 
premises not to sell to such person any intoxicating liquors from and 
after 5 days from the date of such notice. If after such notice the saloon¬ 
keeper shall continue to furnish liquors to the person he was asked in the 
notice not to furnish, he shall be liable to any person injured in person or 
property by such sale. 

It is illegal to sell liquor to minors, intoxicated persons or drunkards. 

A man’s wages cannot be attached for a liquor bill. 

VI—LANDLORD AND TENANT. 

Written Notice. In order to regain possession of his premises the 
Landlord must, at least 3 days before commencing an action in court to 
put the tenant out, serve the tenant with a written notice to leave the 
premises. 

Suit in Municipal or Justice Court. If the tenant does not obey this 
notice the Landlord must then file a complaint in Court. The case cannot 
be heard till at least 3 days after filing. Thus the tenant has at least 6 
days to quit the premises. 

Tenant from month to month. If a tenant paying rent by the month 
having no written or oral lease for a definite period holds over after the 
month, he cannot stay in for the whole of that month, unless the Landlord 
by some act, such as acceptance of rent, has consented thereto. 

VII—MOTHER’S PENSION. 

The law. The Juvenile Court may upon proper application make an 
allowance for the partial support of women whose husbands are dead or 
become disabled for work by means of physical or mental infirmity, or 
whose husbands are prisoners, or whose husbands have deserted, and such 
desertion has continued for a period of three years, when such women are 
poor and are the mothers of children not entitled to receive an age or 
schooling certificate, and such mothers and children have been legal resi¬ 
dents in any county of the state for two years. 

VIII—WORKINGMEN’S COMPENSATION. 

Compensation from the state to injured employees. A state commis¬ 
sion has been created by law which collects funds from employers. The 
Commission holds these funds in trust to be paid to employees who are 
injured while at work. There are definite fixed rates of compensation for 
the various -classes of injuries. Application for this compensation must 
be made to the State Commission within three months, (in cases resulting 
fatally, six months) after the injury through its local representative. In 
certain cases the workingman may choose whether he will sue the em¬ 
ployer or accept the State award. Choice of either bars his right to the 
other. 

IX—CHATTEL AND SALARY LOANS. 

State License. No person or company shall engage in business of 
making chattel or salary loans unless it has first secured a State License. 

Legal rate of interest. The law permits a charge of 8% per year upon 
the principal sum loaned plus a charge not over 10% of the principal sum 
to cover all expenses of making the loan. 

The borrower must be furnished a card bearing name of the borrower, 
name of person or company making the loan, amount of loan, amount of 
interest charged, expense exclusive of interest, time for which charge was 
made, date when loan was made, and date when payable. 

Assignment of a workingman’s future wages as security for a loan is 
of no value and cannot be enforced. 

An assignment of future wages under an existing contract of em¬ 
ployment is good only to apply on a debt for necessaries and not to exceed 
10% of his earnings. 

X—CARRYING CONCEALED WEAPONS. 

The law. Whoever carries a pistol, bowie-knife, dirk or other danger¬ 
ous weapon concealed on or about his person shall be fined not more than 
two hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than thirty days. 


35 


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. i 

STUDY THESE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY. I 


THEY MAY BE ASKED AT THE EXAMINATIONS. 1 


Q. 

A. 

Q. 

A. 

Q. 

A. 

Q. 

A. 

Q. 

A. 

Q. 

A. 

Q. 

A. 

Q. 

A. 

Q. 

A. 

Q. 

A. 


What is the form of our Government? I 

We have a Republican form of government. 1 

Who rules this country? 1 

The PEOPLE. 

What is a Republic? I 

A country in which the people elect their own officers. 

What is a Monarchy? i 

A country ruled by a king or emperor. 

How are these kings and emperors elected? 

They are not elected, but obtain their office through inheritance. 

How many States are there in the United States? 

Forty-eight. t 

What is the name of our State? 

State of Ohio. I 


What is the name of our county? 

County of Cuyahoga. 

What is the name of our City? 

City of Cleveland. 

What is the fundamental law of this country? 

The “Constitution of the United States.” 


J 

] 

! 

I 

.* 


? 


Q. Who made the Constitution? 

A. The PEOPLE through the delegates of the first “Thirteen States.” 
Q. What are the three branches of the government of United States? 

A. The three branches are: 

1. Legislative—which makes the laws. Congress. 

2. Executive—which enforces the laws. President. 

3. Judicial—which interprets the laws. United States Courts. 

Q. Who makes the laws for the United States? 

A. Congress. J 

Q. Where does Congress meet? [ 

A. In Washington, D. C., the Capital of the United States. ] 

Q. What is Congress composed of? 

A. Of two Houses: Senate and House of Representatives. 

Q. What is the Senate and what are its members called? 

A. The Senate is the upper house of Congress and its members are 
called Senators. 


Q. What is the House of Representatives and what are its members 
called? 

A. It is the lower house of Congress and its members are called Con¬ 
gressmen. 

Q. How is the Senate composed? j 

A. Two Senators are elected from each State for six years. ? 

Q. Who elects the two Senators from Ohio? ) 

A. The State Legislature of Ohio. 

Q. Who are your Senators?.,j. 

A. (Applicant should secure their names and fill in blank.) 

Q. How is the House of Representatives composed? 

A. Each State is divided into districts and each district elects one Rep¬ 
resentative. 

Q. Who elects the Representatives and for what period? 

A. The voters of each district elect its Representative Congressman 
for a period of two years. 

Q. What congressional district do you live in?.. 

A. (Applicant should find this out and write in.) 


36 


li 




/ 


Q. Who is your Congressman?. 

A. (Applicant should know this and write his name fn.) 

Q. Who is the head of the Government of the United States? 

A. The President. 

Q. What other office does the President hold? 

A. He is also Commander-in-Chief of the U. S. army and navy. 

Q. How is the President elected? 

A. By presidential electors, who are elected by the votes of the dif¬ 
ferent States. 

Q. How many electors are there? 

A. As many as there are Senators and Congressmen together. 

Q. For how long is the President elected? 

A. For four years. 

Q. What is the name of our President? 

A. Fill in. 

Q. If the President dies who will take his place? 

A. The Vice-President of the United States. 

Q. How is the Vice-President elected? 

A. The same way as the President. 

Q. What office does the Vice-President hold in the Senate? 

A. He is the President of the United States Senate. 

Q. What is the highest court in the United States? 

A. The Supreme Court. 

Q. How many judges are there in the United States Supreme Court? 

A. Nine. One Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. 

Q. Who selects them? 

A. They are appointed by the President for life. 

Q. Who makes the laws for the States? 

A. The State Legislature of each State. 

Q. Who is the chief executive officer of a State? 

A. The Governor. 

Q. Who elects the Governor and for how long? 

A. The voters of most States elect their Governor for two years. 

Q. What is the name of the Governor of our State of Ohio? 

A. (Applicant should know this).*.... 

Q. Where does he reside? 

A. In Columbus, the capital of Ohio. 

Q. Who makes the laws for the city? 

A. The City Council. 

Q. How is our City Council created? 

A. The City is divided into wards and each ward elects one man to 
represent it in the Council. 

Q. How many wards are there in Cleveland? 

A. Twenty-six. 

Q. What ward do you live in?.. 

A. (Applicant should find this out and fill in.) 

Q. Who is your councilman?. 

A. (Applicant should know this.) 

Q. For how long is a councilman elected? 

A. For two years. 

Q. Who is the chief executive of the city? 

A. The Mayor. 

Q. Who elects him? 

A. The voters of the city. 

Q. For how long is he elected? 

A. For two years. 

Q. What is the name of our Mayor? 

A. Fill in his name. 


37 








THE CLEVELAND TRUST COMPANY 


The Cleveland Trust Company 

Main Office, South East Corner Euclid Avenue and East Ninth Street, 



What It Is and How It Can Help You. 


The Cleveland Trust Company is a safe Bank that can give you help in 
almost any matter of money or property. 

The Main Office is at Euclid Avenue and Ninth Street—the large stone 
building with the dome. Rut there are fourteen Branch Offices in various parts of the 
city, so that no matter where you live or work, it will be easy for you to find The 
Cleveland Trust Company. 

You can do business with any of our Branches just as well as with the Main 
Office. Each Branch is a part of the Main Office and has the same officers, same 
strength, same safety and same management. 

The Cleveland Trust Company is first of all a perfectly safe Bank for sav¬ 
ings, where you can keep your money and get interest on it at 4 per cent a year. You 
can start to save with one dollar. You can add more as you like. The best way to 
save is to start with what you can spare and put something in the bank every week, or 
every pay day. It won’t be long before you will have a nice bank account that will be 
earning you money without any work on your part. 

The Cleveland Trust Company can collect money for you from your home 
Bank and will prepare all the necessary papers at the least expense. Whenever you 
want to send money away anywhere go to one of our Branches or to the Main Office, 
and you will receive prompt attention. You can also purchase steamship tickets for all 
lines at the Main Office and Branches. Foreign Money exchanged. 

There are many other ways in which The Cleveland Trust Company can 
help you. It makes first Mortgage Loans on desirable Real Estate If you want to 
buy or sell property, go to The Cleveland Trust Company. If you have private papers 
or valuables you can rent a safe deposit box in its massive Armor Plate vault where 
they will be safe from theft, fire and water for $5.00 a year. 


^Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli 


38 







THE CLEVELAND TRUST COMPANY 


Y OU are welcome to visit the Main Office or any of the Branches 
The officers will be glad to give you any advice or help you may need. 
The Cleveland Trust Company is a Bank for the people. It has over 
a hundred thousand depositors and its assets are over $ 38 , 000 , 000 . 00 . 


Where To Find The Branch Offices of 
The Cleveland Trust Company 


5613 Euclid Avenue; Corner East 57th Street, 
10409 Euclid Avenue; Corner East 105th Street, 
13594 Euclid Avenue; East Cleveland, 

4008 St. Clair Avenue; Corner East 40th Street, 
742 East 152nd Street; Corner Pepper Avenue, 
2202 Woodland Avenue; Corner East 22nd Street, 
8436 Broadway; Corner Harvard Avenue, 

3760 West 25 th Street; Corner Arch wood Avenue, 
4744 Lorain Avenue; Corner West 48th Street, 

11700 Detroit Avenue; Corner West 117th Street, 
Bedford, Ohio; Main Street, 

Lorain, Ohio; 383 Broadway, 

Willoughby, Ohio; 39 Erie Street, 

Painesville, Ohio; Corner Main and St. Clair. 

Zbc 

Cleveland 
{Trust Company 

F. H. GOFF, President. 


South East Corner Euclid Avenue and East Ninth Street. 
(The Building with the Dome.) 

IlllllllllllIJilllltllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllll 

39 






CITIZENSHIP MANUAL 

—For— 

CLEVELAND, OHIO 

V 

INDEX 


Pages 


Brief Facts about Naturalization in Cleveland. 2 

The City Immigration Bureau. 3 

American Citizenship . 4 

How to become a Citizen of the United States. 5 

First Paper—Declaration of Intention. 6 

Certificate of Arrival . 7 

Petition for Naturalization . 8 

Sample of Application for Naturalization. 9-10 

Facts about Naturalization.11-12 

Where to secure your Citizenship Papers. 13 

Map of the United States. 14 

American Government . 15 

Our National Government . 16 

Three Branches of Our National Government. 17 

Diagram of American Government. 18 

Our State, Ohio . 19 

Our County of Cuyahoga . 20 

Our City of Cleveland.21-22 

Map of Cleveland . 23 

The American Flag . 24 

Short History of the United States.25-26 

The “Constitution of the United States”...27-32 

Important Facts about Our Laws.33-35 

Questions and Answers.36-37 

The Cleveland Trust Co.38-39 

Index . 40 


40 




























Immigrant's Guide 

Call at the City Immigration Bureau, City Hall and you will receive 

FREE OF CHARGE 

a copy of the below guide, full of valuable information which you ought 
to know. 


THE IMMIGRANT’S GUIDE 


TO CLEVELAND, OHIO, 
SIXTH CITY. 



ALL IMMIGRANTS WHO NEED 
ADVICE OR INFORMATION, 

GO TO THE 

CITY IMMIGRATION BUREAU. 

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE 
CITY HALL 

MAIN 4600 CENTRAL 1 

KEEP THIS GUIDE. IT WILL 
ALWAYS BE USEFUL TO YOU. 


Published in eight foreign languages. 







0 012 


The American Flag 

FLAG SALUTE 

“This is my flag. 

It stands for my country. 

I will love my flag, 

And be true to my country, 

As long as I live.” 



KEEP THIS 

Citizenship Manual. 

It Will Always Be Helpful to You. 









